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Neuroprotective agents are drugs, compounds, or interventions that can protect nerve cells from damage caused by a variety of factors, including oxidative stress, infection, inflammation, trauma, and metabolic disturbances. Neuroprotective agents can be used to reduce the risk of chronic neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as neurological conditions caused by physical injury, such as traumatic brain injury, or after a stroke. Neuroprotective agents are usually made up of compounds that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-excitotoxic, or anti-apoptotic properties. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals that cause oxidative stress and damage to neurons. Anti-inflammatory agents reduce the inflammatory response that can lead to damage to nerve cells as well. Anti-excitotoxic agents act to reduce the overstimulation of nerve cells which can be detrimental to their health. Finally, anti-apoptotic agents act to prevent programmed cell death in nerve cells. The use of neuroprotective agents to protect nerve cells has been a major focus of pharmaceutical and medical research in recent years. Numerous compounds have been identified that possess all of these different properties, and have shown good potential for protection against a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Many of these compounds come from natural sources, such as spices, herbs, teas, fruits, and vegetables, as well as some animal sources. These compounds can be used for preventive or therapeutic purposes in order to reduce the risk of chronic neurological disorders, as well as to lessen the severity of existing neurological conditions. Clinical trials have been conducted for a variety of neuroprotective agents over the past decade. Some of these have had promising results and have yielded encouraging clinical results, while others have had less pronounced effects. However, the clinical trials are still ongoing and the potential of these compounds for treating neurodegenerative disorders is still under investigation. In conclusion, neuroprotective agents are an important class of drugs and compounds with the potential to help protect nerve cells from damage and to reduce the risk of chronic neurological disorders. Numerous compounds have been identified from natural and other sources which have demonstrated some potential for protecting nerve cells from various forms of damage, and research is ongoing in order to develop them further for clinical use.