Neurodegenerative diseases represent a critical challenge in neuroscience, encompassing conditions like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. These disorders are characterized by progressive neuronal damage, leading to cognitive, motor, and functional impairments. Current research focuses on unraveling the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying these diseases, with an emphasis on identifying early biomarkers for timely diagnosis. Advances in therapeutic approaches, such as monoclonal antibodies, RNA-based therapies, and neuroprotective strategies, aim to slow disease progression and improve quality of life. Interdisciplinary collaborations are pivotal in developing innovative interventions, fostering hope for effective solutions to these debilitating conditions.