Neurological disorders encompass a broad range of conditions that affect the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. These disorders include neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and genetic conditions such as muscular dystrophy. Understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders is essential for developing effective treatments and interventions. Advances in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and biomarkers are enabling earlier diagnosis and more precise treatment approaches. Furthermore, interdisciplinary research focusing on the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to these disorders is helping to identify novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing clinical trials and emerging therapies, including immunotherapy and neuroprotective agents, hold promise for improving outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for patients living with neurological disorders.