Neurons

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body. They are found in both the central and peripheral nervous system. They are divided into three main types: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Sensory neurons are responsible for the sense of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Motor neurons are responsible for movement, both voluntary and reflexive. Interneurons, also known as connector neurons, form connections between the various parts of the nervous system. Each neuron is composed of a cell body with hundreds of processes called dendrites and axons. Dendrites are responsible for receiving information from other neurons, and axons are responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons. The synapse is the connection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. Synapses allow neurons to communicate with each other, passing along electrical signals that coordinate activity throughout the body. Neurons also contain specialized structures called ion channels, which are responsible for controlling the flow of ions, like sodium and potassium, in and out of the cell. Ions are necessary for proper synaptic transmission. Through this process, neurons are able to process and transmit information quickly and efficiently. Neurons also contain specialized structures called mitochondria, which are responsible for producing energy. This energy is necessary to keep neurons functioning properly. Neurons also contain stores of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals released by individual neurons that transfer information from one neuron to the next. Ultimately, neurons play a critical role in proper functioning of the nervous system. By processing and transmitting information throughout the body, neurons enable humans to live healthy, functioning lives.