Neuro-ophthalmologists are medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of vision and neurological disorders related to the eyes. Neuro-ophthalmology is a branch of ophthalmology and neurology that focuses on neurologic causes of visual symptoms, such as vision loss, double vision, or involuntary eye movements. Neuro-ophthalmologists are able to diagnose and treat many complicated visual issues, some of which aren't well-understood even by neurologists or ophthalmologists. Neuro-ophthalmologists must first complete a residency training program in ophthalmology. After completing this training program, they have dedicated fellowship training in neuro-ophthalmology, which allows them to gain experience in both disciplines and become experts in this field. During neuro-ophthalmology training, they learn how to diagnose and treat complex pathologies, such as disorders involving the optic nerve, the cranial nerves that control eye movements, and the visual pathways in the brain. Neuro-ophthalmologists are able to diagnose and treat various visual disorders, such as strokes, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. They are also able to detect and treat tumors and other brain malformations that can cause vision problems, as well as helping diagnose and treat amblyopia, or lazy eye, a common childhood disorder. Neuro-ophthalmologists often work in collaboration with other medical specialists to ensure optimal treatment and diagnosis. They are an essential part of the eye care team, as their advanced knowledge of the visual systems makes them uniquely suited to diagnose complex vision-related disorders. Neuro-ophthalmologists provide valuable insight into diagnosis and treatment of these types of conditions, which can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of life for patients.