Neonatal Neurology

Neonatal neurology is a subspecialty of paediatric neurology that focuses on the diagnosis and management of neurological disorders of an infant or newborn, often from birth to two years of age.It includes the evaluation and treatment of conditions such as epilepsy, muscle diseases or movement disorders, traumatic brain injury, and neurodevelopmental delays, as well as epilepsy and the care of infants with neurometabolic diseases or inborn errors of metabolisms, including lysosomal storage diseases and disorders of creatine and purine metabolism.Infants with birth defects, such as Chiari malformation, spina bifida, neural tube defects, or hydrocephalus, may also be cared for by a neonatal neurologist. Neonatal neurologists use a variety of diagnostic tools to evaluate newborns, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging techniques, neuromuscular and genetic testing. They may also conduct specialized tests, such as continuous EEG monitoring to detect seizures, ultrasound of the brain or spine, and/or lumbar puncture for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Neonatal neurologists use a variety of treatments, including medications, therapies, and surgical interventions, to manage the many neurological conditions of an infant. Medications used to treat neonatal neurological conditions can vary, depending upon the disorder, and may include antiseizure medications, muscle relaxants, corticosteroids and other medications. Therapies, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy, are also often used to manage the effects of a neurological disorder. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to address structural defects or other complications. Neonatal neurology is an important specialty for providing care to newborns with neurological disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensuring that infants receive the best possible outcomes. It is important for parents to work with their neonatal neurologician to ensure that their child receives the most up-to-date, comprehensive care available.