Brain Structure

The brain is a complex organ containing billions of neurons and other cells that are bound together by networks of synapses. The structure of the brain can be analyzed starting from the outside and working our way inward, as each layer serves its own important purpose in regulating normal body functions. At the most external level, is the non-neural tissue which is called the meninges. These protect the brain from the skull, and divide the brain into three regions: the diencephalon, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. The diencephalon region is responsible for homeostasis, as it contains the thalamus and hypothalamus which are responsible for coordination of autonomic responses. Additionally, this section of the brain plays an important role in regulating emotions and the sleep-wake cycle. The cerebellum is located at the back part of the brain just below the diencephalon. It is the major coordinator of movement and is responsible for balance, posture, and coordination. The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain, accounting for over 80% of the total brain volume. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres that are divided by a deep fissure, and is responsible for higher cognitive functions including interpretation of sensory information and planning. It is divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe. Each of these regions is responsible for specific functions such as processing visual information, performing movements, or producing and understanding language, among other tasks. The various regions of the brain have many intricate networks of neurons that are responsible for regulating bodily functions in response to stimuli. It is an impressive system that enables us to respond to the environment in meaningful ways and has made us the intelligent beings that we are today.