Alzheimers Disease and Other Dementias

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for up to 80% of dementia cases. It is a progressive, degenerative neurological disorder that causes memory loss and other impairments in cognitive function. It is estimated that 5.7 million Americans currently live with Alzheimer's, and the vast majority are over the age of 65. Alzheimer’s is characterized by a buildup of abnormal proteins in the brain (known as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) that damage neurons and eventually cause them to deteriorate and die. Other cognitive changes like language and visuospatial deficits, as well as problems with executive functions, like problem solving and planning, are also common. In addition to Alzheimer’s, there are several other types of dementia that can cause memory loss and other cognitive impairments. Vascular dementia, which is caused by damage or blockages in the blood vessels that supply the brain, is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s. Symptoms include changes in memory, behavior, and language, as well as difficulty with problem solving and executive functions. Other causes of dementia include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and traumatic brain injury. Prevention of Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia is not yet possible, as the exact cause of the disease is still unknown. However, researchers are focusing on ways to mitigate the risk factors associated with Alzheimer’s. These include living a healthy lifestyle, engaging in social activities, engaging in physical and cognitive activities, and controlling high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Additionally, research is also focusing on potential treatments, such as drugs and interventions aimed at reducing damaged nerve cells and restoring lost memories.