Title : Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM), as a unique healthcare model through biodesign-driven biotech and biopharma, translational applications, and neurology-related biomarketing to secure human healthcare and biosafety
Abstract:
Over the course of history, healthcare and thus healthcare philosophy have been focused predominantly on efforts to probe the already diseased individual by focusing down on a type of disorder (nosology) rather than on health or so-called pre-illness conditions. Much less effort has been placed on keeping individuals from developing disorders in the first place. PPM is expected to transform this situation giving healthcare professionals of tomorrow much more reliable control over morbidity, mortality and disabling rates, and significantly optimize the cost and efficacy of treatment for those who have fallen ill and already dis-eased, or are still persons-at-risk. PPM is a name for the grand new paradigm in healthcare management being based first on prevention, pre-clinical detection of the illness, and deliv-ery of drugs to target tissues with exceptional levels of precision.
Policy formation in the field of individual health promotion and protection is one of the pri-ority tasks of national healthcare systems. Canonical health care is becoming increasingly unaffordable in most of the countries, yet it remains ineffective in preventing or effectively treating chronic diseases. The medicine of the XXI century is Personalized & Precision Medi-cine (PPM), by protecting and preserving human health throughout the life. To achieve the goals of value-based healthcare and the implementation of the PPM concept, it is necessary to combine the assets of the newest advances in basic science, OMICS technologies and IT resources with clinical medicine, followed by the introduction and promotion of new genera-tion’s translational applications.
The goal of PPM is to deliver optimally targeted and timed interventions tailored to an indi-vidual’s molecular drivers of disease. In this context, neurological diseases are promisingly suited models for PPM because of the rapidly expanding genetic knowledge base, phenotypic classification, the development of biomarkers and the potential modifying treatments. Neu-rological diseases have high degrees of genetic and pathophysiological heterogeneity, irre-spective of clinical manifestations. Traditional medical paradigms have focused on late-stage syndromic aspects of these diseases, with little consideration of the underlying biology. Ad-vances in disease modelling and methodological design have paved the way for the devel-opment of personalized neurology. PPM-guided neurology is the application of principles of PPM, i.e., the prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual taking into consideration both genetic and environmental factors that influence response to therapy. The aim is to improve the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of various therapies. Bi-omarkers, biomarker-driven targeting and integration of diagnostics with therapeutics are important for the selection and monitoring of treatments of neurologic disorders, covering: molecular profiling, clinical evaluation, personalized diagnosis, targeted treatment selection, monitoring and adjustment.
The future of PPM-guided neurology lies in multimodal digital data, enabling the principles of PPM to be applied in neurological disease diagnostics, treatment, and monitoring at scale, expanding the benefits to everyone. This approach offers a highly accessible, cost-efficient, and non-invasive approach for diagnosing neurological diseases at their clinical and subclinical stages, placing an individual precisely along a disease continuum, and provid-ing the most effective possible canonical and preventive treatment pathways. For instance, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), being chronic, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, are now main targets for implementation of PPM-related resources and search for specific bi-omarkers of the disease subtypes. PPM in those disorders include the development of target-ed therapies that aim to modulate specific immune pathways involved in the pathogenesis.
PPM-guided neurology stands at the threshold of a revolutionary transformation with the advent of PPM. The intricate tapestry of neurological disorders, long characterized by heter-ogeneity and complexity, is now being unravelled at the molecular level. By delving into the genetic underpinnings of neurological conditions, we uncover the potential for tailored in-terventions that promise not only to improve treatment outcomes but also to reshape our understanding of neurological diseases. And a journey from genomics and related OMICS-driven technologies to personalized therapies is not only transforming clinical neurology-related practice but also offering hope to individuals and families affected by neurological disorders. It heralds a new era of neurology where treatments are tailored to the individual, leading to improved outcomes, reduced side effects, and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms.
By understanding the unique characteristics of a patient's neurological condition, such as genetic predispositions, biomarkers, and disease mechanisms, PPM aims to optimize treat-ment outcomes and improve patient care. Overall, PPM in neurology holds the promise of advancing our understanding of neurological diseases and transforming healthcare by tailor-ing interventions to the unique needs of each patient. So, to fully harvest the unique poten-tial of PPM-guided neurology, new generations of new precision diagnostic, predictive, prog-nostic, preventive, prophylactic, therapeutic, rehabilitative and digital products will need to be matched with new thinking and new practice on the part of all the participants in the clinical neurology-related practice.
